Which statement reflects practical significance in research findings?

Practical significance in research pertains to the real-world relevance and applicability of the findings beyond mere statistical measures. When a result has practical significance, it indicates that the outcome is meaningful and can potentially influence decisions, policies, or further research. Thus, when we say the results have real-world relevance, we are emphasizing that they hold value in a practical context and can lead to tangible improvements or applications in everyday life or specific fields.

Statistical significance, while important for determining whether an effect or relationship exists in data analyzed, does not inherently convey whether the effect is substantial or impactful in real-world scenarios; it only indicates the likelihood that the observed result is not due to chance. Confirming the null hypothesis means finding no significant effect or relationship, which does not contribute to practical significance. Similarly, the influence of sample size on results pertains to the reliability of findings rather than their applicability or relevance in practice. Thus, the assessment of practical significance is best represented by the statement regarding real-world relevance.