Which of the following is NOT a kind of probability sampling?

Convenience sampling is characterized by selecting individuals who are easiest to reach or sample, rather than using a random method. This approach often leads to biases because it does not ensure that every individual in the population has a known and equal chance of being included in the sample. In contrast, simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, and cluster sampling are all methods designed to ensure randomness and equal representation in order to generalize findings from the sample to the broader population.

In simple random sampling, each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. Stratified random sampling involves dividing the population into subgroups and then randomly selecting from those groups to ensure representation across different strata. Cluster sampling involves dividing the population into clusters (often geographically) and then randomly selecting entire clusters to study, which still maintains the principles of probability sampling. Therefore, convenience sampling stands out as not adhering to the principles of probability sampling.