What does the axon do in a neuron?

The axon plays a crucial role in neuron communication by serving as the long, slender projection that transmits electrical impulses, known as action potentials, away from the soma (cell body) of the neuron. This transmission is essential for the relay of information between neurons and ultimately affects how signals are passed throughout the entire nervous system.

When a neuron is stimulated, an action potential travels down the axon and reaches the terminal buttons, where neurotransmitters are released into the synapse to communicate with the next neuron. The effectiveness of this process is key to understanding how the nervous system transmits signals, influences behavior, and responds to stimuli.

In this context, the options provided relate to different neuron functions, but only the correct answer specifically identifies the axon's role in transmitting messages from the cell body to other neurons. Other functions mentioned, such as receiving messages or processing cell functions, pertain to different aspects of neuron operation, reinforcing the axon's unique role in facilitating communication in the neuronal network.