What defines a manic episode?

A manic episode is characterized by high energy levels and an exaggerated belief in one's abilities. During a manic episode, individuals often feel a heightened sense of confidence and may engage in risky behaviors due to an inflated self-esteem or grandiosity. This state may also include other symptoms such as decreased need for sleep, increased talkativeness, rapid thought processes, distractibility, and an engagement in behaviors that could have negative consequences, further showcasing the disturbance in mood and functioning.

The elements of sustained periods of focused attention and stable emotional states reflect conditions that are contrary to the experiences typical of a manic episode, which involve significant mood elevation and fluctuations. Prolonged states of sadness, on the other hand, align more with depressive episodes rather than manic ones. Hence, the answer that describes the defining features of a manic episode effectively captures the essence of the condition.