What concept refers to our understanding of who we are, typically developing through childhood?

The term that best describes our understanding of who we are, particularly as it develops throughout childhood, is self-concept. Self-concept encompasses the beliefs, thoughts, and perceptions that individuals have about themselves, forming the basis of identity. This concept evolves as children interact with their environment, receive feedback from others, and reflect on their experiences.

Self-image, while related, refers more specifically to how one sees oneself visually and emotionally at a given moment, rather than the broader, encompassing understanding of self that self-concept provides. Self-esteem is related to the evaluative aspect of self, focusing on the individual's feelings of self-worth and value, while self-efficacy specifically pertains to one's beliefs in their ability to perform tasks or achieve goals. Thus, self-concept is the most appropriate term for the overarching understanding of identity that develops in early life.