In the nature vs. nurture debate, what does 'nature' primarily refer to?

In the context of the nature vs. nurture debate, 'nature' specifically refers to the genetic and biological factors that contribute to an individual's characteristics and behaviors. This includes the inherited traits, genetic predispositions, and innate abilities that one is born with, which can significantly influence an individual’s development and personality.

This understanding of 'nature' contrasts with 'nurture,' which emphasizes the role of environmental influences, such as upbringing, culture, and personal experiences, in shaping an individual. By recognizing that 'nature' encompasses genetic and biological components, we can better appreciate how these factors interact with environmental influences to produce the complex behaviors and traits seen in individuals.